Bast and other plant fibres pdf

Amongst the bast fibre crops, kenaf apparently has some advantages such as lower cost of production, higher fibre yields, and greater flexibility as an agricultural resource, over the other bast fibres. Bast and other plant fibres edited by robert r franck the textile institute crc press boca raton boston new york washington, dc woodhead publishing limited. Comparative physical, chemical and morphological characteristics of certain fibres 4 1. Fibers are collected from the skin or bast surrounding the stem of their respective plant. Reactive dyes a better alternative to traditional dyes. The middle lamella of plant fibers used as composite. Paper was first made in china in the first century ad. Flax, hemp, jute, kenaf, ramie are the most known and important natural fibres serving mankind up from ancient times to.

It is a bast fibre and fabric made from it is called linen. Retting process of some bast plant fibers and its effect on fibre quality. Bast and other plant fibres, a title in woodhead publishings series on fibres published in association with the textile institute, uk, is the first book in over 50. Green fibres and their potential in diversified applications. Various parts of plants like woody core, bast, leaf, cane, straw from cereals, grass and seed can be used in applications like building materials, particleboards, insulation boards, human food and animal feed, cosmetics, medicine and sources of other biopolymers and fine chemicals. Fruit fibres are extracted from the fruits of the plant, they are light and hairy, and allow the wind to carry the seeds. Kenaf hibiscus cannabinus, a common cultivated garden plant in our area, is an excellent source of fiber that holds promise for paper making. Retting process of some bast plant fibres and its effect on fibre quality. Targeted pretreatment of hemp bast fibres for optimal.

Natural fibres, often referred to as vegetable fibres, are extracted from plants and are classified into three categories, depending on the part of the plant they are extracted from. Fiber cells are dead at maturity and serve as a support tissue. Fiber and fiber products fibers are strands of cells that are characterized by an elongate shape and a thickened secondary cell wall composed of cellulose and hemicellulose. Today, bast fibres are finding use in various technical applications, as in geotextiles, composites, compression moulded parts, paper and insulating material. The oldest application of bast fibre is regaining popularity due to its properties that cannot be matched by. Azhari department of mechanical and materials engineering, faculty of engineering and built environment, universiti kebangsaan malaysia. The other fiber crop fibers are hardleaf fibers come from the entirety of plant vascular bundles and surface fibers come from plant epidermal tissue. Covering minor as well as major fibers produced worldwide, bast and other plant fibers analyzes flax, hemp, jute, kenaf, ramie, sisal, coir, and nettle, and. Bast fibre also called phloem fibre or skin fibre is plant fibre collected from the phloem the inner bark, sometimes called skin or bast surrounding the stem of certain dicotyledonous plants.

Plant fibers are sclerenchymatous cells with heavily lignified cell walls having a narrow lumen in cross section. Bast and other plant fibres, a title in woodhead publishings series on fibres published in association with the textile institute, uk, is the first book in over 50 years to cover the most interesting plant fibres and those with high annual produc. Because its fibers are particularly resistant to saltwater, abaca has been commonly used for fishing nets. Like cotton, it wrinkles very easily, is cool, absorbent and is suitable for summer wear. Jul 25, 2018 recent research into plant bast fibre technology points to a neolithic european tradition of working fibres into threads by splicing, rather than draft spinning. And the fiber was characterized by studying its physical and chemical properties. Bast and other plant fibres posted by amran hossain eron sunday, october 16, 2011 at 3. Bast fibres processing university of the arts london. Furthermore, natural fibres may have applications in medicine since they can help in the manufacture of. Professor j e mcintyre high performance fibres regenerated cellulose fibres silk, mohair, cashmere and other luxury fibres smart fibres, fabrics and clothing synthetic fibres details of these books and a complete list of woodheads. Many who are more experienced have learned to judge the stages of fiber processing by eye and feel. The fibres are located between the epidermis, or bark surface, and an inner woody core. Such fibres, usually characterized by fineness and flexibility, are also known as soft fibres, distinguishing them from the coarser, less flexible fibres of the leaf, or hard, fibre group.

They are a much more environmentally friendly fibre crop than cotton. Abaca fiber manila hemp usesapplication of abaca fiber. Abstract retting is the main challenge faced during the processing of bast plants for the production of long fibre. Bast and other plant fibrestextilestudycenterbast and other plant fibres. A volume in woodhead publishing series in textiles. Wool and other animal fibres tend to have scales which give them the property of felting. Extraction and characterization of ethiopian hibiscus. Bast fiber, also called phloem fiber, is a type of plant fiber that can be collected from the phloem or bast surrounding the stem of certain dicotyledonous plants. Bast and other plant fibres by r r franck is available in. Plant derived fibres are commonly cellulosic such as, for example, cotton seed fibre, flax and hemp bast fibres. Other important plant fibres in industry include hemp fibre, jute fibre, and flax fibre.

Recent research into plant bast fibre technology points to a neolithic european tradition of working fibres into threads by splicing, rather than draft spinning. Environmental concerns have regenerated interest in the use of natural fibers for a much wider variety of products, including hightech applications such as geotextiles, and composite materials for automotive and light industry use. Bast fibre, soft, woody fibre obtained from stems of dicotyledonous plants flowering plants with netveined leaves and used for textiles and cordage. Required reading rayon, a synthetic fiber from viscose, a chemical derivative of cellulose from wood pulp. Leaf fibres the natural fibres that can be collected from the leaves of certain plants. Natural fibres definition, examples, properties, and. There is an increasing demand for natural fibres worldwide due to their renewable and biodegradable nature. Saifulazry,a and zakiah ahmed b retting is the main challenge faced during the processing of bast plants for the production of long fibre.

Bast fibres are a rich source of cellulose with a great potential for future expansion. This paper defines the major types of splicing and proposes an explicit method to observe. Table 2 from retting process of some bast plant fibres and. Franck bast and other plant fibres textilestudycenter bast and other plant fibres. Plant fibers the oldest and most used textile fibers. Characterization and mechanical properties of bast fibre. Textile fibres or textile fibers see spelling differences can be created from many natural sources animal hair or fur, insect cocoons as with silk worm cocoons, as well as semisynthetic methods that use naturally occurring polymers, and synthetic methods that use polymerbased materials, and even minerals such as metals to make foils and wires. Cellulose is the main component in all plant fibres, whereas the.

Read unlimited books and audiobooks on the web, ipad, iphone. The worldwide production of cotton fibres for textile applications far exceeds that of other plant fibres, hence the structure of cotton is. Bast fibres are collected from the inner bark or bast surrounding the stem of the plant. Review of bast fiber retting, bioresources 64, 52605281. Many useful fibers have been obtained from various parts of plants including leaves, stems bast fibers, fruits and seeds. It also sustains many varieties of invertebrate species. Saifulazry,a and zakiah ahmed b retting is the main challenge faced during the processing of bast plants. Today, bast fibres are finding use in various technical applications, as in geotextiles, composites, compression moulded. Plants free fulltext copper uptake and accumulation. Bast fibrous plants like flax and hemp even in xxi century are very important lignocellulosic fibrous raw materials with continuously enlarging area their application. Bast fibre bast fibres are usually extracted from the outer bark of plant stems.

Read bast and other plant fibres by elsevier books reference for free with a 30 day free trial. Oct 16, 2011 firoz kabir said textile fiber and their classification shows the main three types of fiber, they are natural fiber, semisynthetic or regenerated fiber and synthetic or manufactured fiber. Environmental concerns have regenerated interest in the use of natural fibres for a much wider variety of products, including hightech applications such as geotextiles, and in. Bast and other plant fibres other titles in the woodhead publishing limited series on fibres, published in associatio. Some examples of bast fibres are jute corchorus olitorius corchorus capsularis, flax linum usitatissimum, abaca musa textilis, and kenaf hibiscus cannabinus. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Textile fiber and their classification shows the main three types of fiber. Bast fibers can be obtained either from cultivated herbs, such as flax, hemp, and ramie, or wild plants, such as linden, wisteria, and mulberry. Every bast fiber has a similar ultrastructural model even if they originate from different plants. Each bast fibre cell consists of a cell wall, which surrounds an empty space lumen.

Bast and other plant fibres by r r franck overdrive. It is an ecologically sustainable plant requiring far less water and no chemical pesticides or fertilisation. Retting process of some bast plant fibers and its effect on. The physical characteristics were investigated as follows. Seed fibres the fibres obtained from the seeds of different types of plants. Flax or other bast crops grown for its oil are harvested later in the season. Mar 27, 2018 banana fiber, a lignocellulosic fiber, obtained from the pseudostem of banana plant musa sepientum, is a bast fiber with relatively good mechanical properties. Therefore new products or highvalued products have the most potential of. Modern techniques of weft insertion in projectile weaving machine.

Pdf the structure of cotton and other plant fibers researchgate. It is a staple fibre though its length 2030 inches is more than the other staple fibres available. Linen fabric is shiny, smooth, durable and easy to wash. Pdf bast fibres are defined as those obtained from the outer cell layers of the. Copper cu is an essential heavy metal for plants, but high cu concentration in the soil causes phytotoxicity. Bast and other plant fibres pdf free download epdf. The mechanical performance of the plant fibres are affected negatively from higher temperature in the presence of oxygen.

Tossa jute corchorus clitoris tossa jute fiber is softer, silkier, and stronger than white. We will give you any of the 2 books from the below list if you fulfill our conditions if you want to download this book, you need to write an unique article about textile related topics. Some plants, however, possess a system that can overcome cu toxicity, such as cu localization, and an active antioxidant defence system to reduce oxidative damage induced by high cu concentration. Botanically, the fibers harvested from many of these plants are bast fibers. The common stinging nettle has great potential for fibre crop production. It supports the conductive cells of the phloem and provides strength to the stem. The bast fibre can be considered the main product of fibre hemp, whereas it is a byproduct of linseed cultivation. Plants that have been used for bast fibre include flax from which linen is made, hemp, jute, kenaf, kudzu, linden, milkweed, nettle, okra, paper mulberry, ramie, and roselle hemp. Retting is the process through which these bast fibres are extracted, and is. Since it is made by all plants, it is probably the most abundant organic compound on earth.

These differences may characterize specific fibers. These fibres have higher tensile strength than other fibres. Since all plant fibers are made up of mainly cellulose, they are categorized as natural cellulosic fibers, which may consist of one plant cell or an aggregate of cells cemented together by noncellulose materials. More intense retting separates the fibre bundles into elementary fibres, that can be several centimetres long. Gordon cook 2 bast and other plant fibres, edited by robert r franck 3 abaca, improvement of fiber extraction and identification of higher yielding varieties final technical report, cfcfighf09. Cellulose is the substance that makes up most of a plant s cell walls. Abaca fibre is used mainly in the production of tea bags and meat casings. The major issue now is the ability of textile specialists and archaeobotanists to distinguish the technology of splicing from draftspun fibres. Plant fibres for textile and technical applications intechopen. Some examples are jute, hemp, flax, kenaf as follows. These are what insist the researchers to consider the bast fibres to replace other kind of fibres. Some of the economically important bast fibres are obtained from herbs cultivated in agriculture, as for instance. Often bast fibres have higher tensile strength than other kinds, and are used in highquality textiles sometimes in blends with cotton or synthetic fibres, ropes, yarn, paper, composite materials and burlap.

The fibres are far stronger than cotton but finer than other bast fibres such as hemp. Commercially useful bast fibres include flax, hemp, jute, kenaf, ramie, roselle, sunn, and urena. It was pointed out that bast fibres used as mere substitutions for other fibres will be susceptible to price squeezes unless some unique characteristic gave it additional benefits. The fibres produced from kenaf using chemical retting processes are much cleaner but low in tensile strength. The identification of bast fibre samples, in particular, bast fibres used in textiles, is an important issue in archaeology, criminology and other scientific fields. Bast and other plant fibres book read online scribd. Properties of glass and natural fibres physical characteristics of flax, hemp and jute certain physical characteristics of bast fibres mechanical characteristics of certain fibres dimensions of some ultimate fibres mechanical properties of plant fibres the range of some mechanical properties and densities of certain textile fibres the lengths and widths of fibre cells reported by previous authors comparison of the youngs modulus of several bast and synthetic fibres a comparison of various. Such fibres, usually characterized by fineness and flexibility, are also known as soft fibres, distinguishing them from the coarser, less. The term bast is commonly used to describe bundles of tightly joint fibre cells found in the stem of plants like hemp, flax, jute, ramie and nettle or in the inner bark of wood.

Plant fibers that can be processed by hand beating or in a. Determining the fibrillar orientation of bast fibres with. It was produced from old rags, fishing nets, mulberry bark and grass. Plant fibers that can be processed by hand beating or in a blender and make great paper by themselves there are as many recipes as there are papermakers. Examples for both plant fibres and animal fibres have been provided in this subsection. Such fibres, usually characterized by fineness and flexibility, are also known as soft fibres, distinguishing them from the coarser, less flexible fibres of the leaf, or hard, fibre. A typical breakdown of the green and dry plant components of hemp grown for fiber green hemp plant 100% 40,000 kilograms per hectare 35,687 pounds per acre.

Properties of vegetableplantcellulosic fibres textile school. The present study was conducted to explore the phytoremediation potential, morpho. Franck environmental concerns have regenerated interest in the use of natural fibers for a much wider variety of products, including hightech applications such as geotextiles, and composite materials for automotive and light industry use. Plains hemp is a fibre processing plant under construction in gilbert plains, mb. These fibers impart elastic strength to stems, leaves, roots, fruits, and seeds of flowering plants. Bast fibre is plant fibre collected from the phloem or bast surrounding the stem of certain. Hemp and other natural fibres agrifutures australia.

Except for the seedhair fibers, the vegetable fibers of bast or leaf origins are multicelled and are used as strands. Often bast fibres have higher tensile strength than other kinds, and are used in highquality. Fiber flax, as with other bast fiber products, is harvested earlier in order to maximize the quality and quantity of its fiber. Bast and other plant fibres, a title in woodhead publishings series on fibres published in association with the textile institute, uk, is the first book in over 50 years to cover the most interesting plant fibres and those with high annual production. Pdf retting process of some bast plant fibres and its. Fibre bundles are often several feet long and composed of overlapping cellulose fibres and a cohesive gum, or pectin, which strengthens plant stems. Hibiscus macranthus fiber is a bast fiber obtained naturally from the stem or stalks of dicotyledonous plant since it is a natural cellulose plant fiber. Different cellulose fibres can be used for textile and technical applications, e.

For the following 1700 years paper was made exclusively from nonwood fibres, such as cotton, hemp, flax and grass. Animal fibres such as wool, fur or silk are composed of proteins. The yield of nettle fibre ranges from 335 to 411 kgha in the second year and from 743 to 1016 kgha in the third year 31. Mar 16, 2018 although the cellulose contents are fairly uniform, the other components, eg, hemicelluloses, pectins, extractives, and lignin vary widely without an obvious pattern. Once you have been making paper from plants you will gain a sense, as well. Many varieties of plant fibers exist such as hairs cotton, kapok, fiber sheafs of dicoltylic plants or vesselsheafs of monocotylic plants e. Bast and other plant fibres other titles in the woodhead publishing limited series on fibres, published in association with the textile institute. In harvesting bast fibres, the plant stalks are cut off close to the base or pulled up. These fibers have higher tensile strength than other fibers. Most plant fibres used for textile production apart from cotton are bast fibres. Since north american flax is grown for its seed from which is made linseed oil, the remaining flax stalk effectively is a residue. One of the characteristic features of bast fibres is their fibrillar orientation, referred to as z. Dead at maturity, fiber cells possess tapered, overlapping ends that form long, multicellular fibers.